35 tracked companies across 15 stages, from the software used to design a chip to the cloud racks that rent the finished GPU. Click any node to trace what it supplies and what supplies it.
A leading-edge fab costs on the order of twenty billion dollars and takes years to bring up. NVIDIA owns none — it designs the chip and pays a foundry to build it, which means its output ceiling is set by someone else's capacity decisions made years earlier.
A modern accelerator isn't one chip — it's a die bonded to stacks of memory on a shared substrate. That advanced-packaging step has repeatedly been the binding constraint on how many accelerators exist, rather than the wafers themselves.
High-bandwidth memory sits beside the processor and feeds it. Only a handful of firms can make it, so how much HBM exists — and who has contracted for it — effectively caps how many accelerators ship and how large a model each one can hold.
Stages run left to right in the order a chip passes through them, and an arrow means the company on the left supplies the one on the right. Definitions for each stage are in the glossary under the graph.
No structural changes recorded yet — the weekly research pass writes them.
GRAPH LAST CONFIRMED 2026-07-07